Understanding Dependent Clauses: Definition, Types, and Examples

A dependent clause is a group of words in a sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It relies on an independent clause to make sense and convey a complete thought. It often starts with words like because, although,  or when.

Examples:

• They stayed inside because it was too cold.
• I’ll go to the store if you need anything.
• Since it’s your birthday, we’ll celebrate.
• We’ll go hiking wherever the trail leads us.
• Before you leave, let me know.

Types of Dependent Clause:

There are three types of dependent clauses:

• Adjective (Relative) Clauses
• Adverb Clauses
• Noun Clauses

Noun Clause:

A noun clause is a group of words that acts as a noun in a sentence. It starts with words like what, who, where, etc. They can do the same job as regular nouns in a sentence, like being the subject, object, or complement.

Examples:

• What she said surprised everyone.
• I don’t know where he went.
• I wonder who will win the competition.
• That he lied was obvious from the start.

Adverb Clause:

adverb clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb and acts as an adverb in a sentence. It modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by answering questions such as how, when, where, why, or to what extent.

Examples:

• When I finish my work, I will go for a walk.
• I’ll come over after I complete my chores.
• She smiled because she won the game.
• Although it was raining, they went for a picnic.

Adjective (relative) Clauses:

Adjective (relative) clauses are groups of words that describe or give more information about a noun in a sentence. They usually start with words like who, which, or that and help us understand which person or thing the sentence is talking about.